A Multi-Part Analysis of Immigration
and the Browning of America
REFERENCES
Alba, R. (2020). The great demographic illusion: Majority, minority, and the expanding American mainstream. Princeton University Press.
American Immigration Council. (2025). Trump reinstates and expands restrictive immigration policies. https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/blog/trump-reinstates-immigration-policies/
Anderson, C. (2016). *White rage: The unspoken truth of our racial divide*. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Banks, J. A. (2016). Cultural diversity and education: Foundations, curriculum, and teaching. Routledge.
Bean, F. D., & Stevens, G. (2003). America’s newcomers and the dynamics of diversity. Russell Sage Foundation.
Bentele, K. G., & O’Brien, E. E. (2013). Jim Crow 2.0? Why states consider and adopt restrictive voter access policies. Perspectives on Politics, 11 (4), 1088–1116.
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2018). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America. Rowman & Littlefield.
Cramer, K. J. (2016). The politics of resentment: Rural consciousness in Wisconsin and the rise of Scott Walker. University of Chicago Press.
Cintron, G. (2024, August 23). The U.S.A. legacy of race relations. https://gilbertocintron.com/the-u-s-a-legacy-of-race-relations/
Cintron, G. (2024, October 8). Is Donald Trump reviving eugenics, the science of racism? https://gilbertocintron.com/is-donald-trump-reviving-eugenics-the-science-of-racism/
Cintron, G. (2024, October 8). Trump’s rhetoric evolution: Increased negativity, length, and profanity since 2016. https://gilbertocintron.com/trumps-rhetoric-evolution-increased-negativity-length-and-profanity-since-2016/
Cintron, G. (2024, July 4). Federalist I – Men with perverted ambition https://gilbertocintron.com/federalist-i-men-with-perverted-ambition/
Frey, W. H. (2018). Diversity explosion: How new racial demographics are remaking America. Brookings Institution Press.
Gonzalez-Barrera, A., & Krogstad, J. M. (2019). U.S. immigrant population growth trends slow due to more Mexicans leaving than coming. Pew Research Center.
Hamilton, A. (1787, October 27). Federalist No. 1. In The Federalist Papers. (Original work published 1787)
Hauslohner, A. (2025, December 4). D.C. braces for unprecedented federal immigration sweep. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/2025/12/04/dc-ice-federal-takeover-immigrants-criminal-trump/
Hochschild, A. R. (2016). Strangers in their own land: Anger and mourning on the American right. New Press.
Johnson, K. M., & Lichter, D. T. (2010). Growing diversity among America’s children and youth: Spatial and temporal dimensions. Population and Development Review, 36 (1), 151–176.
KFF. (2025). Immigrant worries and experiences amid increased immigration enforcement: KFF/New York Times survey. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/kff-new-york-times-2025-survey-of-immigrants-worries-and-experiences-amid-increased-immigration-enforcement/
KFF. (2025). Immigrant voters’ views on enforcement and political participation. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/kff-new-york-times-2025-survey-of-immigrants-political-implications-of-immigrant-voters-views-on-immigration-enforcement/
Livingston, G., & Cohn, D. (2012). U.S. birth rate falls to a record low; decline is greatest among immigrants. Pew Research Center.
Lopez, M. H., Ruiz, N. G., & Patten, E. (2017). Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population. Pew Research Center.
Magill, A. (2025, September 10). Governors split over mobilizing National Guard as Trump seeks more troops. Alaska Beacon. https://alaskabeacon.com/2025/09/10/governors-split-over-mobilizing-national-guard-as-trump-seeks-more-troops/
Massey, D. S. (1995). The new immigration and ethnicity in the United States. Population and Development Review, 21 (3), 631–652.
Massey, D. S. (2007). Categorically unequal: The American stratification system. Russell Sage Foundation.
Migration Policy Institute. (2025). A new era of immigration enforcement in Trump’s second term. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/new-era-enforcement-trump-2
Multistate. (2025, May 15). States and federal government continue to clash over immigration enforcement. https://www.multistate.us/insider/2025/5/15/states-and-federal-government-continue-to-clash-over-immigration-policy-enforcement
National Immigration Law Center. (2025). The anti-immigrant policies in Trump’s final “big, beautiful bill”: Explained. https://www.nilc.org/resources/the-anti-immigrant-policies-in-trumps-final-big-beautiful-bill-explained/
Ngai, M. M. (2004). Impossible subjects: Illegal aliens and the making of modern America. Princeton University Press.
O’Connor, L. (2025, December 5). Trump administration warns about Europe becoming less white. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-europe-national-security-strategy_n_69332b46e4b0d581e0925a78
Page, S. E. (2007). The difference: How the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies. Princeton University Press.
Parker, C. S., & Barreto, M. A. (2013). Change they can’t believe in: The Tea Party and reactionary politics in America. Princeton University Press.
Powell, J. A. (2012). Racing to justice: Transforming our conceptions of self and other to build an inclusive society. Indiana University Press.
Putnam, R. D. (2007). E pluribus unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30 (2), 137–174.
Ryo, E. (2019). Detention as deterrence. Stanford Law Review, 71 (2), 237–291.
Skocpol, T., & Williamson, V. (2016). The Tea Party and the remaking of Republican conservatism. Oxford University Press.
Smith, M. D. (2016). Science, sexuality, and race in the United States and Australia, 1780–1940. Routledge.
Stern, A. M. (2005). Eugenic nation: Faults and frontiers of better breeding in modern America. University of California Press.
Tesler, M. (2016). Post-racial or most-racial? Race and politics in the Obama era. University of Chicago Press.
